When is an intentional foul typically called?

An intentional foul is typically called when illegal contact occurs away from the ball to stop the clock. This type of foul is characterized by a player's deliberate action to disrupt the play, usually with the intention of stopping the game clock, especially in critical situations. This type of foul is assessed more severely than a common foul because it undermines the spirit of the game and disrupts the flow.

In contrast, fouls committed when an offensive player is shooting are classified differently, as they often involve direct interactions with the play. Legal contact does not typically warrant a foul call, as it adheres to the rules of proper defensive and offensive play. Lastly, a foul is not relevant simply for the ball being out of bounds; such a situation does not inherently justify an intentional foul.