What must a player do to successfully perform a free throw?

To successfully perform a free throw, a player must follow a specific set of fundamentals, which is well illustrated by the first option. The key requirements for executing a free throw include ensuring that the player does not step over the free-throw line until the ball has been released — this maintains adherence to the rules regarding player positioning during free throws. Additionally, bouncing the ball once before taking the shot is a common practice that allows players to establish rhythm and focus, although it is not strictly required by the rules.

The other choices deviate from the established rules of free throws. Taking two dribbles before shooting is not necessary and can lead to a violation if not executed properly. Stepping back behind the free-throw line is incorrect because the player must remain behind the line until the shot is taken; they do not need to step back further. Passing the ball to a teammate before the shot contradicts the nature of a free throw, which is an individual attempt to score.

In summary, maintaining position and properly releasing the ball are critical components of a successful free throw.