What is considered a correctable error in basketball?

A correctable error in basketball refers to specific mistakes made during the game that can be rectified without disrupting the flow of play. In this context, failing to award a merited free throw represents a situation where the rules have not been properly applied, and the team that should have been granted the opportunity to take a free throw has not received it. The rules allow for this type of error to be corrected by stopping the game and providing the team the free throw they were entitled to, thereby maintaining fairness and adhering to the established regulations.

The other options do not fall under the category of correctable errors. A player fouling out of the game is a standard enforcement of the rules based on player conduct during the game and cannot be changed retrospectively. A violation called by the referee, such as traveling or double dribbling, is an immediate judgment and does not fall into the correctable error category since it's a decision made based on the actions occurring at that moment. Missing a shot during a free throw is simply a part of the game and does not involve any rule misapplication that would warrant correction.